Committee on Comparative National Innovation Policies: Best Practice for the 21st Century; Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy; Policy and Global Affairs; National Research Council This book emphasizes the importance of sustaining global leadership in the commercialization of innovation which is vital to America's security, its role as a world power, and the welfare of its people. This report argues that far more vigorous attention be paid to capturing the outputs of innovation - the commercial products, the industries, and particularly high-quality jobs to restore full employment. America's economic and national security future depends on our succeeding in this endeavor. Contents PREFACE OVERVIEW PART I: THE INNOVATION CHALLENGE Chapter 1: The Innovation Challenge Capturing the Economic Value of Innovation Coping with the Growth of New Competitors NEW TRENDS IN GLOBAL INNOVATION Strong Policy Focus on Innovation Rapid Growth in R&D Spending 21st Century Mercantilism The Search for Talent The Growth of Foreign Research Centers of U.S. Multinationals The Rise of Open Innovation Growth of Innovative Regions Around the World THE PILLARS OF U.S. INNOVATIVE STRENGTH Strong Protection of Intellectual Property Federal Funding of Research Research Universities National Laboratories The Private Sector Public-Private Partnerships RESPONDING TO THE INNOVATION CHALLENGE Policies to Capture the Value of Innovation in Some Leading Countries and Regions The Growing U.S. Response: Federal Government The Growing U.S. Response: State and Regional Initiatives Looking Ahead Chapter 2: Sustaining Leadership in Innovation IMPROVING FRAMEWORK CONDITIONS SUBSTANTIALLY INCREASING R&D FUNDING INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT FOR APPLIED RESEARCH U.S. Applied Engineering Programs State Programs Lessons and Calls for New U.S. Institutions Recent Initiatives STRENGTHENING MANUFACTURING The Link between Manufacturing and Innovation Support for Manufacturing Overseas U.S. Support for Manufacturing Why Manufacturing Matters for the U.S. PROVIDING EARLY STAGE FINANCE DEVELOPING TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY UNIVERSITIES U.S. Universities Face Financial Challenges Growing Investments in Universities Abroad New Models of 21st Century Universities New Opportunities for Global Collaboration Collaboration with Industry INVESTING IN MODERN S&T PARKS GROWING INNOVATION CLUSTERS International Cluster Initiatives U.S. Regional Cluster Initiatives The U.S. Federal Role HUNTING FOR GLOBAL TALENT THE WAY FORWARD Chapter 3: Findings Chapter 4: Recommendations PART II: GLOBAL INNOVATION POLICIES Chapter 5: The New Global Competitive Environment EMERGING POWERS NEWLY INDUSTRIALIZED ECONOMIES Taiwan INDUSTRIALIZED NATION CASE STUDIES Germany Flanders Finland Canada Japan Chapter 6: National Support for Emerging Industries SEMICONDUCTORS The Strategic Importance of Semiconductors A New Set of Challenges Industry Growth and U.S. Policy The Role of U.S. Trade Policy New U.S. Research Consortia Lessons THE PHOTOVOLTAIC INDUSTRY Competing Technologies U.S. Advantages The New U.S. Solar Policy Thrust The Challenges Ahead Photovoltaic Policy Questions for the United States Conclusion ADVANCED BATTERIES Opportunities to Catch Up The Growing Federal Role Future Policy Priorities Conclusion PHARMACEUTICALS AND BIOPHARMACEUTICALS Strategic Importance Evolution of the Industry Challenges Looking Ahead IN CLOSING Chapter 7: Clusters and Regional Initiatives THE INNOVATION CHALLENGE POLICIES TO FOSTER INNOVATION REGIONAL INNOVATION CLUSTERS Cluster Dynamics An Emerging U.S. Cluster Strategy Why Clusters are Relevant Now State and Regional Case Studies Policy Lessons for U.S. Innovation Clusters TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY PARKS Research Parks Around the World A New Generation of U.S. Research Parks Observations on Factors in the Success of Research Parks IN CLOSING APPENDIXES A List of Workshops and Symposia for the Study of Comparative National Innovation Policies: Best Practice for the 21st Century B Bibliography
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